Dracula Essay - 747 Words

Written in 1897, the greatest horror book in its time was created, Dracula, by Bram Stocker. This book contained different aspects of vampirism that was had associated itself with flight of the imagination of romanticism. Freuds idea of psychoanalysis was basically intertwined with this book, because his psychoanalytical reasonings was based on this book. All human experiences of morbid dread and aggressive wishes and in vampirism we see these repressed wishes becoming plainly visible. -Sigmund Freud. The way psychoanalysis and this book relate is how the Victorian ideology affects the war how people think and act according to the situation. Such as many of the characters in this book had suffered from the fog of confusion which they†¦show more content†¦This causes the people in the city and his wife to be, worried and quite curious about his whereabouts. Another example of psychoanalysis was used in the novel would be when Dr. Seward irrationalizes the situation of which Mina was transforming into a vampire. The reason he ignores the symptoms of Mina, is because he believes that there has to be something else wrong with her such as an infection. He does not realize that the same symptoms were noticed on Lucy which goes along the lines of how Victorian ideology affects people in this time period. Not only does it affect them but it may affect others as well. This caused the life of Lucy and roughly Minas; even though Minas life was spared his job was basically put into question. His beliefs have the better then him as of right now. The mind is like an iceberg, it floats with one-seventh of its bulk above water. This quote describes how the mind is still operational even when only a small portion of it is still functioning. Dr. Van Helsing rather was a doctor that actually thought rationally considering the others and was the only one that knew what was going on with Lucys illness. Dr. Seward as of right now is more of a threat to situation instead o f helping resolve this issue. Well basically the reason Victorian ideology, taking any part of the novel explains the confusion and also the difficult situations. These beliefs have been somewhat dangerous, because this is theShow MoreRelatedDracula And Dracula Essay1760 Words   |  8 PagesCPT Formal Essay Dracula: Lucy, Mina, and the Similarities Differences Between Them Dracula, a novel which had originally been written by Bram Stoker in 1897, is commonly classified as a ‘horror novel’ by the majority of its readers. However, when putting the novel through further analysis, the various symbols and themes of sexuality which the novel contains are brought to the notice of its readers, despite them being easily overlooked by their readers the first time the novel might be readRead MoreDracula And Gothic Essay2107 Words   |  9 Pagesmale who abuses his power to assert his dominance over a perceived futile women. Bram Stoker’s ‘Dracula’ was written in time where women started to want more equal rights and opportunities. For example, in the same year Dracula was published (1897), Millicent Fawcett founded ‘The National Union of Women’s Suffrage’. Bram Stoker feared the decline of the patriarchal figure and could have created ‘Dracula’ as an attempt to scaremonger the public into thinking what would happen if women were given moreRead More Dracula Essay1456 Words   |  6 Pages Bram Stoker’s Dracula Lords of the darkness, Darkling Dancers, Nosferatu, Vrikolakas. And the list goes on like this. The vampire concept is thought by the most to be a myth that has crept into almost every culture. It has influenced many writers to write novels on them and many directors to shoot films on. Vampire myths go back way into the times of first recorded history. Many different legends are known about them varying from the Chinese belief of the glowing red eyed monsters with green orRead More Comparison of Dracula and Bram Stokers Dracula Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesCompare/Contrast Dracula and Bram Stokers Dracula A noticeable difference in the way movies have changed over the years is evident when comparing and contrasting two films of different eras which belong to the same genre and contain the same subject matter. Two vampire movies, Dracula and Bram Stokers Dracula, present an interesting example of this type of study. Comparing the 1931 version of Dracula, starring Bela Lugosi, with Frances Ford Coppolas Bram Stokers Dracula 1993 version yieldsRead MoreEssay on Dracula and Women in Bram Stokers Dracula1802 Words   |  8 PagesBram Stoker wrote the infamous novel, Dracula. This novel was composed in the style of letters, journal entries, newspaper articles and telegrams in order to convey to the reader a realistic story. The story of Dracula is about an ancient vampire who moves to London from his native country of Transylvania. In London, Dracula seduces and bites a young woman by the name of Lucy Westenra. When Lucy falls sick, no one knows how to help her because while Dracula has bitten her many times she has alwaysRead MoreEssay on The Settings of Dracula1156 Words   |  5 Pagesstreets, waterways, recurring rainy weather, interesting European architecture, and mystique, London is the perfect location for Bram Stokers Dracula. London: The capital of Great Britain, and the center of at tention in the nineteenth century, due to the many incidents that were going on at the time. The novel includes many daunting scenes, such as when Dracula heaves a sack withholding a deceased child before three female vampires. It is no surprise why he choose London to be the setting of his novelRead More Dracula Essay823 Words   |  4 Pagesmany types of literature, violence exists to enhance the readers interest in order to add a sense of excitement or conflict to a novel. This statement withholds much truthfulness due to the fact that without violence in a piece of literature such as Dracula by Bram Stoker, the plot would not have the same impact if it was lacking violence. Draculas power and evilness led to the violent happenings which began with the conflict of Jonathans inner struggle, as compared to the conflict which blossomedRead More Sex and Sexuality in Dracula Essay2477 Words   |  10 PagesBram Stokers novel Dracula, published in 1897, explores various sexual eroti c possibilities in the vampires embrace, as discussed by Leonard Wolf. The novel confronts Victorian fears of homosexuality; that were current at the time due to the trial of playwright Oscar Wilde. The vampires embrace could also be interpreted as an illustration of Victorian fears of the changing role of women. Therefore it is important to consider: the historical context of the novel; the Victorian notion of the `NewRead More Dracula by Bram Stoker Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause good always overcomes it. A good example of this is the book Dracula by Bram Stoker because the author expresses the nature of good vs. evil. Dracula wants to come to London because he wants to turn everyone into vampires. The basic background of the book Dracula is when Jonathan Harker, a realtor who is sent to Transylvania to complete a transaction with Dracula so he can come to England. What Harker does not know is that Dracula has a plan for world domination. Well, while Harker is on a tra inRead MoreGothic Elements In Dracula Essay1499 Words   |  6 PagesBram Stoker s Dracula is a staple of the Gothic Horror genre. It is a novel that has been scrutinized by countless readers since it was published in 1897. While Stoker s novel is certainly not the first example of a piece of gothic horror, or even the first example of a gothic horror story focusing categorically on vampires, it still managed to plenarily capture the attention of the public. But not only did Dracula enthrall the readers of its time, but it perpetuated to be a mainstay of the gothic

Personal Observation Of The Success Essay - 1737 Words

Introduction Personal observation of the success or failure of different leadership approaches in a variety of situations can be an effective leadership technique. From these observations, a leader can improve their understanding of how to implement the right approach in the right situation. From 2012 to 2013, I deployed to Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan to serve as the Plans and Operation Chief for the Signal Retrograde Operations Center within Task Force Signal. During this tour, Lieutenant Colonel Jeffrey Thompson served as the center’s director and my supervisor. This paper will describe the positive impact that he had on me as a leader, how his leadership approach contributed to the overall success of the center and Task Force Signal, and conclude with three best practices that I learned during my tour. Organizational Structure and Culture In 2012, the 160th Signal Brigade (headquartered in Kuwait) assumed responsibility for information technology (IT) operations in the Combined Joint Operations Area – Afghanistan (CJOA-A) from the 11th Theater Tactical Signal Brigade, who was scheduled to redeploy back to the United States. The inclusion of the Afghanistan mission officially made the 160th Signal Brigade in charge of all Signal-related missions across the entire Middle East. Thus, the brigade only had a relatively small group of personnel to send forward and assume the responsibility of the brigade-level entity called Task Force Signal and headquartered at BagramShow MoreRelatedMulticultural Education And Counseling Through The Arts Program1355 Words   |  6 Pagesthis paper is to examine how do art education intervention programs affect children s success in school? By providing my perspectives based on my observations and research. To begin with, MECA is an organization that emphasizes creativity to nurture artistic growth and expression to imply diversity within the community. This philosophy was put to a test on October 29, 2016, as I conducted my first observation during the festival for El Dia de Los Muertos hosted by MECA. Traditional Latin music,Read MoreCorrelation Between General Mental Ability And Career Success1006 Words   |  5 Pagesand career success. Key word being â€Å"relationship†. The researchers are looking for a correlation not a causation. The study attempted to examine the hypothesis that â€Å"Extraversion will be positively related to extrinsic career success†. Meaning that people who focus their interests on the environment around them instead of themselves tend to have more successful in their careers. Followed by the hypothesis that â€Å"Conscientiousness will be positively related to extrinsic career success†. Meaning peopleRead MoreRecruitment Of Store Clerks At The Store1402 Words   |  6 Pages Through my personal observations, one of the areas to ongoing effectiveness is the attentiveness of store clerks to assist a customer in locating a department or product in the store. In observing the behaviors of the store clerks on several occasions, they were always friendly, neatly dressed, knowledgeable about their departments, and willing to engage in conversations with the customers. My observations were positive in the attitudes and behaviors of the store employees in several encountersRead MoreSocial Cognitive Theory1628 Words   |  7 Pages Jeanne Omrod, author of Human learning (2016), defines social cognitive theory as â€Å"the systematic study of learning through observation and imitation† founded by Neal Miller and John Dollard, of whom were influenced by the â€Å"research and writings of Albert Bandura.† The defining principles of social cognitive theory include learning by observing behaviors and consequences; learning can occur without a behavior change; cognition is vital; and people can have substantial control (Omrod, 2016, p. 115)Read MoreIt Is Important For Everyone, Especially Students To Do1526 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals to continue on striving for academic achievements. (Higgins, 2008) It is said that motivation gives big contribution in one individual’s success. Motivation is defined as the organized pattern of three psychological functions that serves to direct, energize, and regulate goal-oriented activity: personal g oals, emotional arousal processes, and personal agency beliefs. It is an interactive construct representing the direction a person is going, the emotional energy and affective experience supportingRead MoreThe Case For Gritty, Growing Students1374 Words   |  6 Pagespopular myths about concepts of learning, intelligence and talent. Notably, both focus on effort and growth as critical components in learning and success not only at school but at life as well. More specifically, Duckworth emphasizes grit which according to her is, Passion and perseverance for very long term goals. (and more, shortly) (The key to success? Grit). Meanwhile, Dweck compares growth and fixed mindsets by stating, Those [students] with a growth mindset were much more interested in learningRead MoreA Mixed Methods Portrait Of Urban Instrumental Music751 Words   |  4 Pageswhere they teach? 2) What particular abilities do instrumental music educators depend upon to have success in the urban classroom? 3) What thoughts and opinions do educators have concerning teaching instrumental music in urban settings? 4) What difficulties and rewards do instrumental music educators identify from teaching instrumental music in an urban setting? 5) How do the survey and interview/observation data support one another? 4. Setting of the study (geographic location, institutional surroundingsRead MorePersonal Statement On Educational Leadership1423 Words   |  6 PagesWill Hardin 5040 Create a personal, professional mission statement summarizing philosophy, knowledge and skills of instructional supervision from which to guide future leadership actions. Assessment: Students will articulate a personal theory of instructional leadership and specify a personal, professional mission statement as a guide to socially responsible, ethical leadership behavior. Mission Statement â€Å"We are all in this together. Once we know that we are, we’re all stars and we see thatRead MoreA Mixed Methods Portrait Of Urban Instrumental Music Essay751 Words   |  4 Pageswhere they teach? 2) What particular abilities do instrumental music educators depend upon to have success in the urban classroom? 3) What thoughts and opinions do educators have concerning teaching instrumental music in urban settings? 4) What difficulties and rewards do instrumental music educators identify from teaching instrumental music in an urban setting? 5) How do the survey and interview/observation data support one another? 4. Setting of the study (geographic location, institutional surroundingsRead MoreObservation Reflection On Pencils1392 Words   |  6 PagesObservation Reflection #7: Pencil clips can be used as AT (Assistive Technology) to help special need students improve their muscle tone to hold a pencil or writing device. Highlights can be used to draw a student’s attention to a specific word or phrase that may be important to an assignment.AT allows a student with a disability to access the general education curriculum and improve their functional performance level to the best of their ability in the classroom. When considering AT devices

Juvenile Boot Camps and Alternatives to Uncontrollable Behavior free essay sample

Behavior Juvenile boot camps are privately run businesses that acclaim that they are an alternative or intervention to prevent and deter jail sentencing. Jail, sometimes is the better way to go, instead of some of these death camps, children are being harmed and mistreated in boot camps. Seeking alternative means of controlling and depleting poor behavior is the answer. It is through research, investigation and constant contact with the facility or program in which a troubled child is placed that one will see improvement and changes for the better. The Basic Belief: They Can Be Helped† (Gross. 1997) In some camps children can learn and may be changed and live a better existence than they had previous to this experience. Some teens are not that fortunate, they are beaten and abused, and yes; there are even cases in which death has occurred at camp. In one certain camp a boy became dehydrated and fell ill to exhaustion and died. â€Å"Investigators also found that owners and employees were seldom sent to prison when teenagers died in their care. † (Schemo. 2007) It amazes how people show such flagrant disregard towards human life and the treatment of teenagers at these types of camps. Instead of parents wanting what is best for their children, they just want them put of the way and supervised. More or less, the parents need daycare for the teen, but at protection levels that include seclusion and distance from the home. Teens expect a certain amount of safety and assuredness that they are being cared for by professionally trained individuals, that are equipped to deal with their psychological, physical, and possible chemical dependency issues. Yet these facilities are armed with recent drill sergeants and retired military personnel. Some of the qualifications in personnel might be an asset to such ran boot camps, but the staff needs to include such personnel as psychologists, nurses, doctors and therapists/counselors that can handle all the problems these teens face and have dealt with, that have brought on the behavior that has brought on the issues that brought them to these facilities. It is a business, the tuition for a teen to attend such a boot camp can run from 12,000 dollars to 18,00 dollars and more. That starts with the short-term treatment (intervention type boot camps for the less severe problem teens. These include the teens that parents want to scare from getting in with the wrong crowd, prevent drug use or discontinue use. The longer term of admission can be from a few months to a residency program, where the teen learns life skills and how to live in society with rule and regulations everywhere. Most teens are children who were diagnosed with some sort of learning disability and schools no longer have the resources to help and encourage the good behavior and deal with the disorders and such: from dyslexia, ADD, ADHD, or even slight cases of autism. Once a child is labeled schools are done and parents are left with no help or assistance in educating their teen or child. â€Å"The teenagers who attend these programs have often been diagnosed with attention deficit disorder or other behavioral problems and are taking medications. † (Story. 2005) In some cases the teen is wrongly diagnosed or over medicated. It is up to the parent to insure proper treatment and to inquire about the affects of the medication and diagnosis made. Not all doctors know everything about everything. ADD and ADHD have not been prevalent except for the last ten to fifteen years. The physicians are pushing medications on children that are made for adults with no real research done on the effects it might have on a child. Anyone under the age 18 is considered to be a child. Boot camps do not require physicians on site to properly maintain or even diagnose such disorders. Usually a teen only sees a hospital for a severe injury while hiking and camping, or in the extreme cases of death. Similar accusations have led state and local officials in Colorado, Arizona, and North Dakota to drop their programs, while Florida and California are scaling back theirs. † (Blair. 2000) There are some alternatives to boot camps, parents can choose treatment centers, rehabilitation centers that include in-patient and out-patient, helplines, and psychological and physiological therapy. Group homes and personal treatment help in aiding teens diagnosed with similar disorders. â€Å"Children with c ertain behavior disorders can cognitively incapable of comprehending the consequences that may occur from an action. The correct intervention can help a child manage his behavior in a positive way. † (Family Compass. 2006) Parents need to take more involvement in the care of their children so that they are prepared for the trials and tribulations that are ahead of them as teens. There are programs in which families can seek counseling together. Activities together as a whole can improve the family unit. In my own personal experience, as a teen, I think I should have been diagnosed with depression earlier than I was as an adult. My parents may have been ore informed of what to expect and prepared to handle the mood swings of medication and the tweaking it takes until a medication is regulated and given at the right dose. I wish that I had been informed that all my feelings were viable and mattered. It is now that I dealing with a child who needs extra attention and medication. At first I was opposed to all Medications and labeling of my child, afraid that he will be stuck with that label and m edication. After a lot of researching, it is in my opinion that he may grow out of his disorder or learn how to handle the situations that he was unable to as a child. It will not happen overnight or with a magical pill, but I know, with love and understanding we will both be able to handle everything that comes our way, as long as, we keep educated about the facts of our disorders or illnesses and not ignorant to their existence. It would be easy to place the responsibility of his care and treatment on others, but I to have issues and problems. Should I then be locked up and put away Where would I be then, a lot worse off in my opinion? It is not easy doing things as I do, but we are together as a family and informed as a family. Ignorance can only separate me from those I love and care about. I believe boot camps are for those that have no time for their child and can afford the money it takes to forget them and place the responsibility on someone else. May be some people have to use them as a last resort and have no other options, I have researched them and they are better than jail. If given the option of jail or boot camp for violating an offense or law, I would choose boot camp; more can be learned in that kind of setting, but using camps to keep children away is not effective in any way other than a last resort.

Russia vs. Czech free essay sample

You are the CEO of a company that has to choose between making a $100 Million investment in Russia or Czech Republic. Both investments promise the same long run return, so your choice is driven by risk consideration asses that various of losing business in each of these nation. Which investment would you favor and why? * If I am the CEO of a company and will invest a $100 million between Russia or Czech Republic, I would do first some research of how was the latest and previous performance of the two. So while I have researching about the nation’s performance in investing, I choose to invest in Czech Republic because it’s much more economic and politically stable country but But Czech Republic is, compared to Russia, very small. Only Russian capital Moscow has the same population as whole Czech Republic. But Czech is much more western and economic is faster growing. We will write a custom essay sample on Russia vs. Czech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But market in Russia is not so full as in Czech republic and there is more space for another companies. Its your choice. But if you go with Czech Republic, you can also easily expand to Slovakia. They have very similar laws and language because it was Czechoslovakia before. I choose Czech Republic also because it has cheaper land, labour and resources. It is also more powerful than Russia. It is an investor thought to research first the how well the performance of desired country to invest that is why it is important to know first what is the best in making a decision.

Apple Company Analysis

Business plan Apple designs, manufactures and markets personal computers and related software, peripherals and personal computing and communicating solutions. Customers are attracted to Apple’s products for a variety of reasons, including the reduced amount of training resulting from the use of their products, advanced graphics capabilities in their gadgets, industrial design features of the Company’s hardware products, and ability of their products to network and communicate with other computer systems and environments.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Apple: Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The marketing department of the company addresses these attributes every time it makes communication to its customers. The key success factor has been creation of value by igniting people’s imagination to make a favorable impression of the products by means of brand positioning, advertising, and promotion. Strategies that the company has employed as means to retain, maintain, and sustain the loyalty of the customers are numerous. The first one, Apple has continued to engage in extensive research for the development of its products. Basically, the company considers the needs and desires of the customers before launching new products to the market. It relies on the feedback, both positive and negative, of the customers about its earlier devices and makes changes according to the desires expressed by the customers. One of the most common strategies that Apple’s former chief executive officer, Steve Job, employed in marketing is that, he never praised the Iphones and Ipads and the amazing magical features the both have; rather, he was focused on how the products can satisfy the customers. This same strategy seems to have remained in the company even after Steve Job’s departure. Innovation is the second key thing the company has focused on to impro ve and maintain customer loyalty. The gadgets have a fabulous look; very attractive for the customers to like them at first glance. Once the customers begin using these products, they get to enjoy the experience with the numerous applications that come along with the products. Moreover, as the company’s success depends on its technologically innovative products. Apple has implemented strict information protection policies in order to preserve the confidentiality of its trade information. In addition, Apple has specific policies for the communication to the press and financial analysts and only allows limited personal use of Apple-owned equipment. In order to prevent conflicts of interest, the company has identified several possible sources of such conflicts and recommended avoidance strategies.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From a strategic viewpoint, Apple ’s code of business ethics aims at establishing ethical behavior which should lead to ethical decisions by its management and employees’ decisions that reasonable or typical stakeholders would find acceptable. This is because it aids the stakeholders, the organization, and the society. Actually, Apple strongly aims at establishing a culture that emphasizes the importance of ethics. Although Apple has developed a consistent and exemplary code of business ethics, it has not been successful in implementing all the three necessary steps for fostering an ethical organizational climate. Nevertheless, it has to be concluded that Apple definitely can be regarded as a role model in terms of emphasizing the importance of business ethics. Apple’s core fundamental principle is to use good judgment. The company is especially aware of its responsibility to shareholders, communities, and customers in conforming to legal/ethical boundaries and complying with applicable laws. In addition, the company’s employees are fully aware of their responsibilities and duties. Apple’s business standards include honesty, ethical awareness, avoidance of conflicts of interest, respect of confidentiality of internal information, highest standards of corporate citizenship(rules and laws), and the provision of benefits to communities through the company’s presence. Apple expects its employees, business partners, and other parties to comply with these standards and policies. Company analysis Today’s apple operation is very different from the way it was before. Currently, the company employs over 13000 workers globally with a revenue worth of over $ 30 billion within the year 2011. This is accounted for by the sales of the smart phones and the Ipads. However, the company also has a presence in the PC and computer industry with its macbook pro and macbook air, and the Macintosh computer doing relatively well in the industry. Other products include d igital video and music playing devices. The company also deals in software and services. The company has seems to have little focus on the PC market, since there currently four specific defined market segments in which it has laid much emphasis. The four market segments include, education, consumer, business and creative. Apple’s finance and treasury division has to provide the company with a sound financial policy, managing general obligations as well as special programs. A few of them are to mention: the company places their short-term investment in highly liquid securities issued by high credit quality issuers and, by policy, limits the amount of credit exposure to anyone issuer. The firm’s general policy is to limit the risk of principal loss and ensure the safety of invested funds by limiting market and credit risk.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Apple: Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company has not entered into any transactions with unconsolidated entities whereby it has financial guarantees, subordinated retained interests, derivative instruments or other contingent arrangements that expose Apple to continuing risks and contingent liabilities. Therefore, a vibrant risk management taking care of hedging foreign exchange exposure, adjusting to local conditions and making use of â€Å"financial engineering† to secure capital flows is indispensable. The company’s leadership Steve Job can be described as the charismatic leader who possessed strong technical obsession, creative and innovative skills, enthusiasm, commitment and entrepreneurship. Moreover, Jobs possessed a business sense for the marketability of his products and therefore could streamline Apple’s product portfolio and introduce new and highly successful products such as the iPod. In addition, his user-friendly business approach did not only lead to increase d value for customers through user-friendly products but also put the customer in the centre of Apple’s business and constantly praises him as the best customer in the world. Currently the company is headed by Tim Cooke as chief executive officer. He was the former chief operation officer when Jobs was the CEO. Even though it might be hard to fit in to the shoe of Jobs, Cooke has done a lot to ensure that the company maintains its growth and high revenue and profits. Steve Jobs’ bibliography When Steve Jobs came back to Apple in 1997, he immediately recruited a new Board of Directors and had to reposition Apple in the evolving personal computer industry. In fact, Jobs also proved his capabilities of being able to make harsh decisions during the restructuring of Apple when he rescinded the licenses of competitors who have been cloning Macintosh computers and killed the Newton hand-held device. In short, Steve Jobs not only successfully pursued his vision for apple but a lso implemented necessary restructuring efforts in the past which led to an increase in the company’s profits and shareholder’s wealth. It is no doubt that Steve Job was the right man for Apple because he was not only admired by the Silicon Valley elite for the foundation of the company but also for his glamour, technological obsession, and the other characteristics and abilities discussed above. Moreover, Business week titled him one of the best managers 2010 as Job moved beyond computers to establish himself in two businesses where new comers rarely emerge unscathed: music and movies.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Steve Jobs was the first to find a way to compel consumers to pay for online music. Nevertheless, critics of Steve Job claim that he seems strangely uninterested in the â€Å"post-PC devices† and that he created a â€Å"reality-distortion field† as his enthusiasm for a favored technology is so great and his selling of it so sure, that anyone who meets him invariably feels converted. Steve Job can be seen as one of the fathers of Apple’s current digital hub strategy that has transformed the personal computer into a multimedia and entertainment hub that connects many devices. In fact, this strategy can be regarded as visionary and revolutionary as it is especially aimed at the future. Therefore, it can be concluded that Steve Job apparently has developed a coherent strategy to deal with future challenges and is convinced that his approach will lead the personal computer once again into a new era and therefore guarantee Apple’s future success. Conclusion Alt hough Apple’s core strategy has always been associated with Steve Job and his vision for the company, Apple’s other senior executives have shown that they are sufficiently skilled to contribute to the future success of the company. This is due to their strong professional background and the sharing of the company’s common values. Many of them come from other innovative and upright companies. Strategies that the company has employed as means to retain, maintain, and sustain the loyalty of the customers are numerous. The first one, Apple has continued to engage in extensive research for the development of its products. Moreover, several statements and their overall public behavior, show that they have also adopted the company’s norms and conduct their jobs in the ethical manner which is demanded through the company’s code of business ethics. In addition, as Apple doesn’t give any information concerning future strategies, products, and plans to the public, it can be followed that the internal communication and discussion among the company’s top management is not only fruitful but also characterized by the loyalty to the company’s norms and rules. So, it is obvious that Apple’s top management is highly involved in the internal strategic management process and contributes to the future success of the company. References Apple Press Information. (2012). latest press release. Retrieved from http://www.apple.com/pr/ Biwin Semiconductors. (2012). Tablet PC and Smartphone will consume more than 50. Retrieved from http://www.biwinsemicon.com/en/about/XYXW/176.html Dredge, S. (2012). Smartphone and tablet stats: what’s really going on in the mobile market? Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/appsblog/2011/aug/01/smartphone-stats-2011 Etherington, D. (2012). Apple’s 2012: What the year in iDevices and Macs will look like. Retrieved from http://gigaom.com/apple/apples-2012-what-the- year-in-idevices-and-macs-will-look-like/ Hillis, S. (2012). Apple iphones to hit stores, jolt mobile industry. Cambrigde: Persues. Hubpages. (2012). NEW iPhone 5 (6 gen.) – coming October 2012. Retrieved from http://livelonger.hubpages.com/hub/new_iPhone ModdedLife. (2012). Apple 2012 Product Lineup – Credible Reports – All Apple products to Receive Overhauls in 2012. Retrieved from http://moddedlife.hubpages.com/hub/Apple-2012-Product-Lineup-Credible-reports-say-All-Apple-products-to-Receive-Overhauls-in-2012 Panzarino, M. (2012). This is how Apple’s top secret product development process works. Retrieved from http://thenextweb.com/apple/2012/01/24/this-is-how-apples-top-secret-product-development-process-works/ Siegel, M., Gibbons, F. (2009, July 13). Apple Inc. and the e Book Reader. Stanford University, school of engineering, pp. 1-36. Slivka, E. (2012). Apple Predicted to Discontinue 17-Inch MacBook Pro. Retrieved from http://macbookpro.macrumors.c om/ This research paper on Apple: Company Analysis was written and submitted by user Juliana P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Lakes Reflection

A chip off of the old block or not. E.B. White’s essay â€Å" Once More to the Lake,† is about a father and son trip to a lake. The same lake that the father and his father went to year after year. White uses great detail and description in the essay to describe how the father feels about the lake and the way his son reacts to it. The father hopes that the son will enjoy the lake and the trip as much as he did when he was a young one. White allows the reader to believe that this essay is about the trip and trip only, but the story is about a father struggling to find himself. Throughout the whole story White suggests that the father is looking back on his childhood years and trying to relive them through his son’s eyes. At first, the father seems unable to adjust to the way things have changed around the lake. He seems a little uneasy that arriving at the lake was nothing to look forward to because it was all over in a few minutes. White writes how the father begins to find all the things that have changed since he had been there last. After pointing out the changes, the father begins to start seeing himself doing the same task as if he was still a little boy. He is trying to live a dual life at this point. He is being himself and trying to be his son at the same time. White writes, â€Å"I seemed to be living a dual existence† (740). White writes, â€Å"I looked at the boy, who was silently watching his fly, and it was my hand that held his rod, my eyes watching† (740). The father was so wrapped up in being his son that he began to think he was holding the rod and watching his boys hook. While on the trip, the father begins remembering all of his memories. The times he had shared with his father as a boy and now he was sharing them with his boy. White describes his memories of when he went with his father and how some will be shared with his son. It seems that the little bo... Free Essays on Lake's Reflection Free Essays on Lake's Reflection A chip off of the old block or not. E.B. White’s essay â€Å" Once More to the Lake,† is about a father and son trip to a lake. The same lake that the father and his father went to year after year. White uses great detail and description in the essay to describe how the father feels about the lake and the way his son reacts to it. The father hopes that the son will enjoy the lake and the trip as much as he did when he was a young one. White allows the reader to believe that this essay is about the trip and trip only, but the story is about a father struggling to find himself. Throughout the whole story White suggests that the father is looking back on his childhood years and trying to relive them through his son’s eyes. At first, the father seems unable to adjust to the way things have changed around the lake. He seems a little uneasy that arriving at the lake was nothing to look forward to because it was all over in a few minutes. White writes how the father begins to find all the things that have changed since he had been there last. After pointing out the changes, the father begins to start seeing himself doing the same task as if he was still a little boy. He is trying to live a dual life at this point. He is being himself and trying to be his son at the same time. White writes, â€Å"I seemed to be living a dual existence† (740). White writes, â€Å"I looked at the boy, who was silently watching his fly, and it was my hand that held his rod, my eyes watching† (740). The father was so wrapped up in being his son that he began to think he was holding the rod and watching his boys hook. While on the trip, the father begins remembering all of his memories. The times he had shared with his father as a boy and now he was sharing them with his boy. White describes his memories of when he went with his father and how some will be shared with his son. It seems that the little bo...

Year 8 - Portfolio Task - FILM REVIEW Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Year 8 - Portfolio Task - FILM - Movie Review Example ino, Fulgencio Capule, Diane Venora, Claire Danes, and Leonardo DiCaprio to feature leading characters like Romeo, Juliet, Ted Montague, Caroline Montague, Tybalt Capulet, Brian Dennehy and Christina Pickles. These were carefully selected actors who suit the characters they represent. Apart from possessing all the character traits of their respective characters, these actors perfectly fit the physical features of the characters as they were presented in the play. By perfectly playing their roles, the film becomes lively and a real depiction of a love story as it was intended by Shakespeare. The organization of the film was quite good. With everything going as planned, the director succeeded in delivering the theme of love which was the main focus of the film. Each of the scenes of the play was staged in the appropriate context in which it ought to have been. By constantly tracing the dialogue between characters like Romeo and Juliet, it becomes much easier to know the film’s main theme. The action of these protagonists is representational and can be relied upon to explain the theme of love. All these were comically presented so as to make the film appealing and entertaining to the audience. In terms of cinematography, I would like say that it was a product of quality production. As a love story, the film would not be interesting if it does not incorporate the elements of music, sound track and lighting. These are cinematographic techniques that could not be left out in the film. Their inclusion gave the film its real meaning and the picture it deserves. For instance, the use of sound tracks likes "To You I Bestow," "Pretty Piece of Flesh," "Little Star," and "Pretty Piece of Flesh" in different scenes of the film made it to manipulate the audience’s mood. Because of this, the film became a real love story. Their choice was a good one because they could help in depicting a happy and sad moment in the film. In conclusion, Romeo and Juliet is an educating,

A Change in My Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Change in My Life - Essay Example Because of my hard work and the effort that I put in my educational endeavors, I got very good grades in my final primary school exams and qualified to enter high school. I was so happy with my achievement that I was determined to ensure that my performance would always remain high in my new educational level. With this in mind, and considering the great promise that I had in academics, I was admitted into high school. High school turned out to be quite different from primary school and this was mainly because there were more freedoms and new people who I had to study with. Most of my old friends from primary school went on to a different school and at first; life in the new environment was quite lonely. However, after a few weeks, I was befriended by some of the most popular students in the school and this, I felt, was a great privilege. In primary school, I had never really been popular, with the little popularity that I had having been based on my academic performance. Whereas other students had concentrated on fun and what I thought were good things in life, I had concentrated on my studies and that was the reason why I was among the best. However, in high school, all this changed because, for the first time in my life, I was among the popular kids. Most of the other students looked up to me and it felt wonderful and in my mind, nothing could be better. From that time, I put my academics in the background and I instead concentrated on spending time with my new friends and having fun because that is what I thought high school was all about. As a result of my new lifestyle, my academics began to take a beating but while this was happening, my new friends convinced me that because I was a clever guy, I could always catch up whenever I wanted.  Ã‚  

Fundamental Concepts of Construction for Project Management Case Study - 4

Fundamental Concepts of Construction for Project Management - Case Study Example I will serve as a manager from the client’s side to supervise the managerial functions about the project. I will develop the bid documents and the estimator of our firm will fill the bill of quantities as a reference for the client to compare the subcontractors’ bids with. I shall be drawing a predecided fee from the client for this. Further, it is assumed that some of the previous drawings are lost, and some are preserved. I shall incorporate buildability concepts into the pre-existing design and do modifications in the building orientation and stuff to satisfy future needs and meet future challenges. It is my responsibility to prepare the bid. I shall schedule it for the subcontractors. I shall offer all these services to the client to draw my fees. My firm will serve as a â€Å"construction manager†. Thus working as a construction manager, it is my duty to arrange specialty subcontractors. All of the work will be subcontracted. A few with material and equipmen t, and for heavy machinery, we shall have to either rent or lease the heavy machinery, whichever will be more economical. I shall make the unit cost with material contracts with the specialty contractors and choose the cheapest who has not front-loaded his schedule. I shall make the subcontractor's purchase insurances for their own work, including workers insurance. It's my responsibility as a manager to plan for site safety. The contractors will follow my schedule. So they will not fight among each other.

Analysis of Africas Economy

Analysis of Africas Economy Several economists around the world are wondering whether the majority of Africans are benefiting from investment and profits originating from the continent. African leaders have been in the media claiming that Africa is experiencing one of the highest economic growth rates in the recent past. However, a growing gap between the rich and the poor, increase in cost of living and cost of consumer goods has disproportionate effects on working people as well as the poor. Countries such as Nigeria and Ghana that have reported to be undergoing economic growth are experiencing internal crisis linked to a rising cost of living and need to increase government expenditure on infrastructural development (Ndulu 5). Despite the fact that Nigeria was named as the largest economy in Africa, its women, youth, farmers and workers are increasing their demand for access to quality life, resources and wealth. Furthermore, several alarming reports indicate that the economic growths in various parts of Africa are more complicated than the leaders’ indicate. As result, a research was conducted to unearth the issues behind the economic problems, how African governments and leaders can address them (Ndulu 37). The major problem investigated is the interconnection between economy, social and political leadership with the current economic situation across Africa. It was crucial to analyze case studies and literature reviews containing information on African Economy. They analyzed relevant trade publications, annual economic reports, newspapers, magazines and on-line databases. Because of the time factors, the researchers relied mostly on web for data because it is faster and economical. Volunteers from public and private sectors, African economists, workers, International Monetary Fund, World Bank and African Development Bank provided necessary literature through the publications. The large pool of participants allowed the researchers to obtain wide range of data that was then crosschecked against other data to ascertain its validity. It was necessary to analyze data from various African countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo and South Africa. Nigeria was preferred because it is the economic powerhouse of Africa while Ghana is on the right path to democracy in Africa. Kenya seems to growing both democratically and economically while Democratic Republic of Congo was considered because it has vast natural resources. It was also necessary to compared the economies of such countries, analyze the various natural resources found in those countries, evaluate various sources of income. Finally, analysis of the relationship between democracy and economic growth, natural resources and economic growth and the relationship between economic growth and living standards of individuals was crucial (Ndulu 179). The research process indicates that African economy is likely to grow up to 4.7% during this year and accelerate to 5% in 2015. However, the growth in economy does not translate to infrastructure development, job creation, improved standards of living as well as reduction of high poverty level as well reducing inequality in Africa (African Development Bank 1). West African countries like Nigeria and Ghana continue to experience highest levels of economic levels ranging between 6.7% 7% and are likely to increase further by 2015. The economic growth is due to investment in minerals and oil, democratic governments and good leadership. East Africa is equally experiencing economic growth that has increased up to 6% from last year (Economic Commission for Africa 39). Kenya’s economy has grown due to increased consumer spending; Tanzanians economy has grown due to higher consumption and investment in natural gas. Lastly, Uganda economy is being enhanced by development in telecommuni cations, transport, construction as well as construction of burgeoning oil industry. In the southern region of the continent, the growth is likely to go up from 3.6% to 4.2% due to increased investments and rising mineral mining in South Africa. Economic growth in Africa will be weakest in North Africa due to political instability in the regions and fleeing of investors (Ndulu 193). The research notes that Africa economy is driven by exports, mineral exploitation and commodity production, but the rate is not yet optimal. This is because job creation is weak and the growth has not addressed poverty issues, poor living standards and rising inequality(Westenholz-Bless Achola 97).. The informal sector is still very large yet opportunities remain limited for those seeking employment. This is evident by high rates of youth unemployment as well as wide gender disparities in employment and earnings. Furthermore, increased pressure on labor markets due to increase in population pressure means no any sufficient impact can be felt by the majority citizens. The researchers established that weak job creation is brought about by overreliance on agriculture and mining as source of employment. Overreliance on farming leaves various countries susceptible to weather-related shocks. In addition to this, civil wars continue to pose a huge threat to economic activities in countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, South Sudan and Somalia (Ndulu 200). Though Nigeria is believed to be the economic powerhouse of Africa, the country has serious unresolved problems linked to distribution of wealth and living conditions of the majority Nigerians. According to the graph below, most Nigerians are unsatisfied with their government because the rates of poverty and unemployment are highest in Nigeria compared to other African countries despite the fact that it is the economic power house of Africa (see figure 01). Furthermore, the rate of employment seems to be increasing yearly. Unequal distribution of resources in the country has led to an internal conflict in northern part of the country. The conflict was associated with the majority northerners, who are poor, led to stagnated economic growth in the region. There has been other instances of bombing and abduction of schoolchildren in Nigeria as way of protesting against unequal distribution of resources and declining job opportunities. This has compelled most youths to engage in criminal activities to obtain money to cater for their expenses. Source: University of Twente. Nigeria Energy Study Report, Enabling Urban Poor Livelihood Policy Making: Understanding the Role of Energy Services. May 2014, Figure 01. Africans must rise up and determine their own destiny without any fear. From the results of the findings, there is a clear relationship between a peaceful democratic country and economic growth. Countries like Ghana and South Africa have experienced economic development due to peaceful elections and responsible leaders who encourage investors to invest in the countries. Rwanda that was on brink of self-destruction due to civil war in 1994 is now experiencing high rates of economic growth due to good leadership. This is a clear indication that security of a country is directly related to economic growth. Security ensures everyone gets an opportunity to go to work, students go to school and other economic activities take place. In addition to this, it gives the country a humble time of producing quality goods to sell abroad. As result, the country obtains revenue from the economic activities that lead to economic growth (Hughes, Mills Street, 01). Africans must also avoid overreliance on minerals and farming as the main source of livelihood. Countries like Uganda and Kenya have created job opportunities in sectors like road construction, trade activities, and telecommunication sector and transportation industry. The situation shows various job opportunities that can be created outside the traditional ones. In order to avoid uncertainties that come with climatic changes, Africans should utilize their rivers and lakes to create irrigation schemes. They should borrow irrigation technology from Israel that is a desert country yet it produces more food than it can consume. Lastly, Africans should observe family planning methods. The report indicated that most parents give birth to more children than they can take care of. This increases pressure on the limited resources in the continent (Hughes, Mills Street 1). Works Cited African Development Bank. Nigeria Economic Outlook. 2014. Web. 15 May 2014. Economic Commission for Africa. Economic Report on Africa 2008: Africa and the Monterrey Consensus: Tracking Performance and Progress: Overview. Addis Ababa: Economic Commission for Africa, 2008. Print Hughes, Ian. Mills, Greg. Street, Michael. â€Å"The solution to Africas woes lies with Africans, not the west.† The Observer mag. 10 March 2013. Web. 12 May 2014. Ndulu, B J.The Political Economy of Economic Growth in Africa, 1960-2000. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Print. University of Twente. Nigeria Energy Study Report 2005, Enabling Urban Poor Livelihood Policy Making: Understanding the Role of Energy Services. 2005. Web. 12 May 2014. Westenholz-Bless, Claire. Paul P. W. Achola.Fundamentals of Social Research Methods: An African Perspective. Cape Town, South Africa: Juta Legal and Academic Publishers, 2007. Print.

General Motors - Financial Ratio Analysis Essay -- Business Finance Ac

General Motors - Financial Ratio Analysis I. General Motors History Highlights In its early years the automobile industry consisted of hundreds of firms, each producing a few models. William Durant, who bought and reorganized a failing Buick Motors in 1904, determined that if several automobile makers would unite, it would increase the protection for the group. He formed the General Motors Company in Flint, Michigan, in 1908. Durant had bought 17 companies (including Oldsmobile, Cadillac, and Pontiac) by 1910, the year a bankers' syndicate forced him to step down. In a 1915 stock swap, he regained control through Chevrolet, a company he had formed with race car driver Louis Chevrolet. GM created the GM Acceptance Corporation (auto financing) and acquired a number of businesses, including Fisher Body, Frigidaire (sold in 1979), and a small bearing company, Hyatt Roller Bearing. With the Hyatt acquisition came Alfred Sloan, an administrative genius who would build GM into a corporate colossus. Sloan, president from 1923 to 1937, implemented a decentralized management system, now emulated worldwide. The auto maker competed by offering models ranging from luxury to economy, colors besides black, and yearly style modifications. By 1927 it had become the industry leader. GM introduced a line of front-wheel-drive compacts in 1979. Under Roger Smith, CEO from 1981 to 1990, GM laid off thousands of workers as part of a massive companywide restructuring and cost cutting program. In 1984 GM formed NUMMI with Toyota as an experiment to see if Toyota's manufacturing techniques would work in the US. The joint venture's first car was the Chevy Nova. GM bought Ross Perot's Electronic Data Systems (1984) and Hughes Aircraft (1986). In 1989 the company bought 50% of Saab Automobile. In 1990 GM launched Saturn, its first new nameplate since 1926, reflecting a new companywide emphasis on quality. Two years later it made the largest stock offering in US history, raising $2.2 billion. Culminating a period of boardroom coups (relating to the company's lagging effort to reduce costs) in the early 1990s, John Smith replaced Robert Stempel as CEO. NBC apologized in 1993 for improprieties in its expose alleging that GM pickups equipped with "sidesaddle" gas tanks tended to explode upon side impact. The government nonetheless asked the ... ...improved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The stock holders equity has increased dramatically indicating the better management of the companies equity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The EBIT has improved for the last two year mainly because the level of interest paid has decreased due to the reduction of liabilities. Profitability   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Gross Profit Margin has increased from 1993 to 1994 as the cost of goods sold did not increase at the same level that the sales increased. The Operating Profit Margin ratio was stable in 1995 when compared to 1994 and the Net Profit Margin has also been improving for the last two years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Return on Total Assets has increased due the increase in the companies profitability, while Return on Equity has decreased on the last two years as the stockholders equity increased Overall   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is clear that the profitability of the company has been increasing for the last 2 years, mainly due to the decrease in liabilities, improvement in accounts receivable and better management of the company debt..   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The company also demonstrates that the profitability can be improved even further by having better inventory management and productivity maximization on their fixed assets.

“The Lady or the Tiger”: What Really Happened?

Dustin Powers Mr. Lamon AP Language 3 December 2012 â€Å"The Lady or the Tiger†: What really happened? The Lady or the Tiger, a captivating short story of love and loss, teases your imagination by integrating the rising action at the end of the story only to leave you to make your own interpretation of how the falling action concludes. The author uses a third person omniscient narrator so to make it seem as though the he doesn’t even know how the story truly ends. The finale to the short story has been conversation of much debate.What is behind door he opens? Does he die on the princess’s accord? What happens, no one essentially knows, but him dying is the only logical ending that could subsist. The tale starts out with a fascinating introduction by classifying the king as â€Å"semi barbaric† â€Å"florid† and â€Å"untrammeled,† but on the contrary the narrator begins to describe him as â€Å"†¦somewhat polished and sharpened by the progressiveness of distant Latin neighbors†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Although it is not directly stated where the tale takes place, one can pin point the story to Medieval Europe c. 00-400 AD, a very tumultuous time. Influenced greatly by the Roman Empire, as they were a prominent society at the time, the European continent was at a crossroads between the liberalism of the Latin culture, and the less enlightened methodologies that were prerequisite to the changes at the time. This setting is what the root of the king’s brutality and the passing of these traits develop. The fictional account tells of the king’s daughter being â€Å"†¦as blooming as his most florid fancies, and with a soul as fervent and imperious as his own. As unlikely as it seems the princess seems to create a bond with a young man that is of â€Å"lower station† than she. This short lived relationship of a few months was cut to an abrupt end by the Barbaric King. Never once does the story mention th e princess make any attempt of arguing the innocence of her lover. This abandonment can only be explained by her savage nature. It says that she could have possibly never loved him in the first place, and that maybe she was just using him to fill a void her over protecting father created by sheltering her from finding a ompanion. With the slightest possibility that the arrogant and haughty princess had come to truly love this man then she would know for a fact that he would be safe of this cruel justice, because as the decision was left up to fate then there would be no question of what was coming out of the door. If she truly had any admiration for her lover, and trust of his innocence in his love then she would allow him to make his choice uncompromised by her instruction. She would allow him to open the door to the chamber with the â€Å"fair maiden†. But she did not.With a slight notion to her right she indicates which door needed to be opened. Turning to face his fate th e young man opened the door to his right leaving his destiny in the hands of the demented princess. Possibly scared of his innocence and fate’s compassion, considering the true love he possessed for her, she directed him to door with the lion. This is just a sadistic favor of disposing this inconvenience for her father. Once again if the princess did actually truly have feelings for him then she had proven to be very jealous of the lady behind the door.While if she had not had those impulses toward him the animosity she had toward the damsel was strictly out of the hatred of the young girls lust over one of her possessions. Either way it was not left unknown that she had much discontent with her by saying, â€Å"Often had she seen, or imagined that she had seen, this fair creature throwing glances of admiration upon the person of her lover, and sometimes she thought these glances were perceived, and even returned. With the princess in possession of the knowledge of the locat ion of the tiger she had the power to control the future of both the young man and the young woman. The real or unreal passing of glances between the two would be the end of him, because the jealousy she had towards the maiden would cause an â€Å"If I can’t have you no one can† mentality. The princess couldn’t bear the thought of them being happy together so she sends him to the tiger.

Process Analysis in Richard Selzers Essay The Knife

Process Analysis in Richard Selzers Essay The Knife An accomplished surgeon and a professor of surgery, Richard Selzer is also one of Americas most celebrated essayists. When I put down the scalpel and picked up a pen, he once wrote, I reveled in letting go. The following paragraphs from The Knife, an essay in Selzers first collection, Mortal Lessons: Notes on the Art of Surgery  (1976), vividly describe the process of the laying open of the body of a human being. Selzer calls the pen the distant cousin of the knife. He once said to author and artist Peter Josyph, Blood and ink, at least in my hands, have a certain similarity. When you use a scalpel, blood is shed; when you use a pen, ink is spilled. Something is let in each of these acts (Letters to a Best Friend  by Richard Selzer, 2009). from "The Knife"* by Richard Selzer A stillness settles in my heart and is carried to my hand. It is the quietude of resolve layered over fear. And it is this resolve that lowers us, my knife and me, deeper and deeper into the person beneath. It is an entry into the body that is nothing like a caress; still, it is among the gentlest of acts. Then stroke and stroke again, and we are joined by other instruments, hemostats and forceps, until the wound blooms with strange flowers whose looped handles fall to the sides in steely array. There is sound, the tight click of clamps fixing teeth into severed blood vessels, the snuffle and gargle of the suction machine clearing the field of blood for the next stroke, the litany of monosyllables with which one prays his way down and in: clamp, sponge, suture, tie, cut. And there is color. The green of the cloth, the white of the sponges, the red and yellow of the body. Beneath the fat lies the fascia, the tough fibrous sheet encasing the muscles. It must be sliced and the red beef of the muscles separated. Now there are retractors to hold apart the wound. Hands move together, part, weave. We are fully engaged, like children absorbed in a game or the craftsmen of some place like Damascus. Deeper still. The peritoneum, pink and gleaming and membranous, bulges into the wound. It is grasped with forceps, and opened. For the first time we can see into the cavity of the abdomen. Such a primitive place. One expects to find drawings of buffalo on the walls. The sense of trespassing is keener now, heightened by the worlds light illuminating the organs, their secret colors revealedmaroon and salmon and yellow. The vista is sweetly vulnerable at this moment, a kind of welcoming. An arc of the liver shines high and on the right, like a dark sun. It laps over the pink sweep of the stomach, from whose lower border the gauzy omentum is draped, and through which veil one sees, sinuous, slow as just-fed snakes, the indolent coils of the intestine. You turn aside to wash your gloves. It is a ritual cleansing. One enters this temple doubly washed. Here is man as microcosm, representing in all his parts the earth, perhaps the universe.    * The Knife, by Richard Selzer, appears in the essay collection Mortal Lessons: Notes on the Art of Surgery, originally published by Simon Schuster in 1976, reprinted by Harcourt in 1996.

Critical Record of a Shipmasters Duties The WritePass Journal

Critical Record of a Shipmasters Duties Introduction Critical Record of a Shipmasters Duties IntroductionSalvageGeneral AverageHM Insurance PI InsuranceBibliography:Related Introduction As per the scenario, I am the master of a 30,000 tonne general cargo ship under the voyage charter sailing from UK, bound for Korea after loading a cargo of steel pipes of high grade. After a visual inspection found that some of the steel pipes appeared rusty, also no shore side surveyors were appointed by the parties concerned. During the voyage my vessel collides with a fully loaded container ship which is under a time carter bound for Antwerp. The container ship suffered minor hull damage forward part and consequently several containers were lost overboard. Also the container ship had to jettison some of the containers in order to maintain stability after water ingress. Due to collision own vessel suffered severe damage to no. 1 port hold which resulted partial flooding. After the collision for emergency dry dock repairs both the vessels were towed to the port of refuge. The container ship organises a daily hire agreement and the own vessel was towed under Lloyds open form due to the fact that vessel taking in water. Own vessel had sailed with a faulty radar equipment and this was found out in a later investigation carried out by hull and machinery surveyors. The records shows that the container ship was seaworthy and a day before the collision the second officer was medically evacuated due to a severe injury and other deck officers were working shorthanded. The master has the responsibility to do whatever is necessary to preserve his vessel and cargo from any loss or damage. In order to consider a vessel seaworthy the vessel must have all statutory certificates valid, cargo should be properly stowed and secured, Radio and navigational equipment in good working order. There should be sufficient fuel and stores on board. Appropriate number of officers and crew as per manning certificate with properly qualified officers and crew. Ensuring that fully corrected and latest edition of navigation charts and publication available onboard at all time. Vessels sailing in a seaworthy condition will only be covered by the insurance.   It is always the duty of the owner of the vessl to ensure the seaworthiness of ship and if ships sail in a seaworthy condition she will be under insurance cover. â€Å"The obligation of the owner to exercise due diligence to ensure that the ship is seaworthy before the commencement of voyage.(ie taking all precaution to ensure that the vessel is fit for the voyage)† As per the hague-visby rule the liability and the responsibility of the carrier will be bound at the beginning of the voyage and also prior beginning of the voyage to exercise due diligence to prepare the vessel seaworthy and properly manned and equipped and supply the ship. To make the cargo spaces and other parts of the ship where goods are carried fit for the reception and carriage of cargo and preservation. â€Å"Article IV of rules states that neither the carrier nor the ship is liable for any loss or damage which arise or result from un-seaworthiness unless caused by want of due diligence on the part of the carrier to make the vessel seaworthy in all respect mentioned above conforming with the conditions given in the article three of the rule† â€Å"If any damage or loss resulted due to the un-seaworthiness of the vessel the responsibility of proving the exercise of due diligence will be on the carrier or other person claiming under this article† As per the scenario the carrier has failed to make the vessel seaworthy and failed in carrier’s responsibility and liability and hence there was a breach contractual terms and therefore the vessel will be responsible for the damage of cargo under the hagevisby rule. In the scenario the master accepts a letter of indemnity and signed a clean bill of lading. The BOL without any endorsement made by the ship master is called a clean BOL which describes the goods and states cargo quantity and their condition. The issuing and accepting a clean BOL states that the cargo has believed to be loaded correct quantity and in good condition. The vessel cargo found rusty and ship sailed in a unseaworthy condition. Also there was no surveyors were appointed and also the master accepted letter of indemnity and signed a BOL without any remarks on it. The letter of indemnity which is offered by the shipper in an inducement towards signing a clean BOL, which officially can absolve from blame or relieve the master from the obligation of liability for signing the BOL and the master should not have accepted letter of indemnity without consultation or clear instruction from the owners and should have made his own bill and presented to the shipper. Now with the clear BO L the shipper can pursue a claim against the ship owner for the cargo damage as the shipper has BOL as an evidence that the cargo stowed and loaded in good condition. The master should have immediately informed the owners about cargo condition and his negligence will result restrictions to the owners in protesting against the claims.   The master should also have requested the owners for appointing an independent surveyor and surveyed the vessel and this would have saved the owners from any legal claims and any delays caused. The master should also have mentioned the surveyors finding in the BOL as the steel cargo was rusted and for evidence he should have taken some photographs/video etc. And it is also very important of collecting/keeping all evidences such as long book entries and witness statements which will help the owners to claim protection the carriage of good act. The vessel sailed from UK with a defective radar equipment and this was very well known to the master and the ship owner. This is the violation as per the rules HRV, the owner is liable to provide his ship in a seaworthy condition prior sailing from the port and this could result the shipper to argue that the ship was unseaworthy at the commencement of the voyage. The decision of the owners and the master to sail without a working radar may have resulted in collision with the container ship. The unseaworthy ship prevents the owner of the general average contribution from the cargo owners. And the expenses incurred during salvage operation will also be settled by the owners as they cannot claim for salvage coverage due to unseaworthy ship. For the general average claims there will be an intentional/sacrificial act and the loss and damage of goods will be claimed from the cargo insurers. The loss or damage of cargo due to collision will be covered under particular average and not in General average. The hull damage caused due to collision between vessel will be under the HM cover and it is not an intentional act and so will come under particular average. The master of the vessel should ensure safety of his ship and take all precautions necessary which will surely mitigate the losses caused to any ship owners. The Maters duty to send a distress signal – if the vessel or person is in imminent danger Master sends distress signal requesting immediate assistance. This distress signal will be revoked as soon as the master is satisfied that assistance is no longer required. On receipt of distress signal, the masters need to proceed with full speed for the assistance of the vessel in distress. On failure to comply with this will attract penalties. Due to the collision between two ships, it will be the duty of the masters of each ship without endangering to his own ship and crew to render assistance to the other ships master and crew to save them from the danger caused by the collision. Also need to stay by the other ship until they need no further assistance. The master gives to the other ship, the name of his own ship and also the names of last port and next port. If master fails without reasonable excuse to comply with will result penalties. 2) Salvage â€Å"The Salvage operation means that any act or activities undertaken in order to assist a vessel or any other property in danger in navigable waters or in any other waters thus entitling a reward to the provide† The master of the ship has authority and power to accept the salvage offered consulting with the owner. There are two basis on which the salver agrees on the terms and conditions to save the ship or property according to circumstances. 1) daily or time contract – fixed hire rate. 2) Lloyd’s Open Form/LOF – no cure no pay basis† and the settlement will be done on the basis of the value of property saved. â€Å"The advantage of having LOF is that, it is a no cure no pay agreement and not likely disputed if any disputes which will be referred to arbitration of English law will apply to claims. There is no need to have a copy onboard and the agreement will be done over radio or other telecom methods and the form does not require signature until the salvage operations have been successfully completed. The salver will get an interim award and any excessive claims by salvers are avoided and the disadvantages of LOF is costly†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   General Average â€Å"There is a general average act when and only when any extra ordinary sacrifice or expenditure is intentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the common safety for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in a common maritime adventure† Number of maritime countries laid down York Antwerp rules in order to get an uniform approach towards the settlement of general average claims. These rules are internationally recognised and are not incorporated into the national law. In the given scenario the damage caused to hull will come under particular average and which will be covered by the Hull Machinery insurance. The container ship had sailed in a seaworthy condition and later the second officer was medically evacuated and hence the vessel became unseaworthy. Now the container ship does not comply with SLOAS requirement and the other deck officers were short handed and the collision may have occurred due to fatigue caused. If the own ship has exercised due diligence then the payment for the loss will be borne by the shippers cargo insurers. The container ship had jettisoned some of the containers for safety reasons or to prevent water ingress and this sacrifice was to protect the property hence eligible for general averag e. For general average act, the shipowner appoints an average adjuster and usually declares general average HM Insurance PI Insurance There are three types of marine insurance ie Hull and Machinery, Cargo Liability – PI â€Å"HM Insurance covers hull and machinery of the insured ship against certain perils which includes peril of the sea, fire and explosion, jettison of cargo, piracy, contact with land conveyance/dock or harbour equip, accident during loading loading/discharging/shifting fuel or cargo, Earthquake, boiler bursting, breakage of drive shaft, defects of machinery barratry of master, officer and crew Etc† â€Å"P I   club are those clubs   which is a joint venture between shipping companies. It offers the ship owners the coverage against the risks which are not covered by hull and machinery insurance Hull insurance is actually the protection against the loss and damage to the vessel arising out of marine peril together with protection against the attendant liabilities of 3/4RDC, salvage and general average† â€Å"Protection and indemnity insurance is insurance protection against third party, death, injury and property claims caused by the ship together with the  ¼ collision liability not covered in the RDC clause in the hull policy† Own ship was towed to port of refuge under LOF and it is the right decision which would have saved time and money. If the salvage operation has delayed further then the condition would have worsened as the vessel is taking in water and eventually the vessel will sink resulting loss of life, property and damage to the marine environment and in situations like this there would not be time for negotiations. In the case of container ship, she suffered only minor hull damage and was not in imminent danger and thereby she will have time for negotiation among them before deciding any agreement and decision of having a daily hire agreement was good, which is cheaper and beneficial too. The owner can choose cheaper salvage operations but cases involving loss of cargo, loss of life and risk of sinking there would not much time for negotiation between various parties offering salvage operations. So the decision has to be taken at the right time. Now both vessels have been towed to port of refuge, essential formalities for an unscheduled arrival clearance should be followed. Which includes an appointment of an agent and advise him of ships ETA and requirement on arrival, request for free pratigue, inform PI club, keep all required documentations ready and the agent will do the other required formalities for inward clearance. Also all the evidence collected should be kept ready and make the vessel ready for PSC and classification society inspection. After the repairs have been completed, need to arrange class and other surveys and after the survey an interim certificate will be issued. Bibliography: 1)   College Notes 2)  Ã‚   Business and law for the shipmasters (F.N.Hopkins) 3)   Shipping Law (Chlorey Giles)

Phonics Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Phonics Practice - Essay Example They are learning to solve and decode the mystery of stringed words. Learning phonics is the key to learning to read print. "Research directly points to the direct relationship between phonic instruction and success in acquiring the skill to read print. In short, evidence on the importance of phonics is incontrovertible." (Savage, ). The practice of phonics everyday is the key to mastery in reading fluently. This should be practiced with music, where songs based on phonics can be reinforced. A video approach is even more effective, as it stimulates the auditory as well as the visual concept. And it is easy for the child to remember and decode information both using their auditory and visual stimulus. Flashcards can also be used for further practice. "The English writing system is based on alphabetic principle: that is the individual speech sounds (called phonemes) are represented in writing by individual alphabet sounds (called graphemes). Children need to understand the alphabetic principle as they learn to read. Mastering these sound symbol relationships is what phonics is all about." (Savage, ). Phonemic awareness - the ability to recognize and manipulate sounds in spoken words is crucial to success in beginning reading. It is in-fact a better predictor of learning to read than listening ability, IQ and several other factors. Lack of phonemic awareness puts children at risk of failure to learning to read. Phonics should begin with rhyme recognition and rhyme production and continue with segmentation, isolation, deletion, substitution and blending of phonemes throughout the learning program. Emphasis should be on the five essential elements phonological awareness, phonics, fluency, comprehension and vocabulary. . (Savage ). Motivation should also be the key factor in reinforcing the concepts. Children should be exposed to a variety of folk tales, fairy tales, rhymes and stories from diverse cultures which can encourage them at their level of learning to code and decode the symbols and decipher the hidden meaning. This journey of exploration of literature should be rewarded by more challenging books, materials and rewards. (Savage ). Although phonics remains an essential factor in the word recognition, other strategies should also be taught in helping children identify words and unlock the meaning of words they encounter in print. Children use multiple clues in identifying words, including sight recognition, and context clues all these need to be integrated with the study of phonics to nurture a fluent reader. This lesson should begin from home before Kindergarten years and should be fully mastered by third grade. The appropriate level of challenge should be maintained throughout. These skills should be taught to help children become productive and fluent readers. "Through critical attention to relevant research and careful observation of children in the reading-writing process, we teachers can intelligently decide how to teach phonics. . . . I prefer to teach phonics strategically, in the meaningful context of the predictable stories children read and write every day. In the context of written language, phonics instruction facilitates meaning making and independence."-Regie Routman, 1991(Weaver, 1996) Comparative and naturalistic research indicates that encouraging children in phonics not through drill but integrated natural approach is more effective.

Accounting Cash Flow Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Accounting Cash Flow - Coursework Example The more cash associated with Pepsi’s depreciation means that the company had deducted from more from their assets. Further, for both 2011 and 2012, Coca Cola did not have any changes in liabilities, inventories or cash receivables, while Pepsi had all of the above. This affected Pepsi’s cash flow used in its business’ operation as compared to Coca Cola’s. Further, Coca Cola experienced more cash flows provided by adjustments in income as compared to Pepsi, which used more in the adjustment of its net income. Pepsi used 88000 (2012) and 250,000 (2011) in changes in accounts receivables while Coca Cola did not spend or received from this variable. For Pepsi the cash spent reduces from 2011 to 2012, implying that the company collected more revenues as compared to the cash collected. Further, Pepsi also experienced a decrease of the cash provided by changes in inventories from 144,000 to 4000 (2011 to 2012 respectively). This indicates more revenue as compare to cash collected by the company. For Coca Cola, there was no change recognized in its inventories and account receivables meaning the company did not experience any changes in their current assets. There could be no comparison of revenue and cash collected, which equates to management of working capital. Indifference to Pepsi, which makes use of account receivables and inventories, this implies that Coca Cola relied on other operating activities to manage its working capital. c. Analyse and explain the Financing Activities of each company in the two consecutive operating periods. State with reasons which of the two companies faces lower risk for their long-term funding policy in the most recent year. Both of the two companies witnessed the same trend throughout the two operating periods, for the cash flows used in financing activities, except for the other cash flows. For pepsi there was an increase in the money used for payment

The Minimum Wage Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Minimum Wage Law - Essay Example This underwent a gradual but consistent decline, and by the year 2006, the minimum hourly wage could barely procure 2 gallons of gasoline. The minimum wage is not uniform across the states, and some of the states have mandated much higher minimum wages. For example, Washington obliges employers to pay $8.55 per hour. A major issue relates to the fact the minimum wage, in real dollar terms; fell by 22%, in the period 1973 to 2007. During this time the profits of the corporate sector increased by more than 50%, which significantly increased the gap between the rich and poor. In the year 2007, it was envisaged that the proposed federal minimum wage increase would prove beneficial to a large number of American workers. Approximately, 5.6 million workers are likely to be direct beneficiaries, with a 41% enhancement in pay. In addition, around 7.4 million workers are expected to derive an indirect benefit. All said and done, such benefit will be provided to some 13 million workers. The chi ef beneficiaries of this increase in minimum wages will be adults, who constitute 79% of this group. Of these beneficiaries, women constitute 59%. This increase in minimum wage serves to benefit individuals as well as families. It is important to note that women constitute half of the minimum wage earners. Consequently, the economic gender gap is reduced substantially, due to increase in the minimum wage. Moreover, 1.2 million of these workers are single parents and most of these people are women.... Of these beneficiaries, women constitute 59%. This increase in minimum wage serves to benefit individuals as well as families. It is important to note that women constitute half of the minimum wage earners. Consequently, the economic gender gap is reduced substantially, due to increase in the minimum wage. Moreover, 1.2 million of these workers are single parents and most of these people are women.5 It is indispensable to increase the minimum wage, in order to restore its value. However, the federal minimum wage does not take inflation into account. As a result, the value of the minimum wage decreases with increasing inflation. In this situation, it is necessary for Congress to enhance the minimum wage suitably. Thus, we find that the federal minimum wage is a mere 31% of the average hourly wage. 6 The burgeoning US economy makes it very difficult for the minimum wage earners to survive. This can be attributed to the continuous increase in goods and services. Unlike other workers, wh o are provided compensation for inflation, the minimum wage earners do not experience any increase in their wages. This inequitable situation has persisted for a decade. Another issue that cripples the minimum wage earner is the increase in wage inequality, due to the decrease in the real value of minimum wages, consequent to an increase in inflation. 7 An increase in the federal minimum wage does not result in an increase in unemployment. This had been conclusively established in a study conducted by the Economic Policy Institute, for the period 1996 to 1997. Furthermore, several contemporary studies have clearly shown that the market had

A piece of wire Essay Example for Free

A piece of wire Essay Using this graph, we can predict the resistance of any length up to 100cm. To test if these results are accurate, we can compare the experiment we have performed, with those of previous resistance experiments. The book value, in ohms, for the resistance of a 100cm length of 28swg wire is 4. 4?. This convinces me that these results are accurate as our result of 4? is very similar. It may seem a way off the mark but considering the difference in resistance a couple of swg makes (e. g. the resistance of a 30swg wire is around 7. 5? ) the similarity ensures success. The slight deviation may have been caused by a number of factors, like the variations of the power packs used and variations in the actual wire. I have recorded these results in a graph. From this graph, we can immediately see a few things. The line of best fit is a straight line through the origin with a positive correlation. This means that the resistance and voltage are directly proportional to one another, and that length of wire and resistance are directly proportional. This ties into ohms law. We can also measure the gradient of the graph. This is done by taking a y value under the line of best fit, and dividing it by the corresponding x value. On my graph, the y value I have chosen is 0. 9? , and the x value 23cm. The formula for this is: G = ? y ?x So G = ? y ?x = 0. 2 5 = 0. 04 So the gradient is 0. 04. We can examine the results further by referring to the resistivity formula: Resistance, R = Resistivity, p (? m) x length, l (m) or R = p l (? ) Cross-sectional area, A (m2) A The diameter of a 28swg wire is 0. 367mm, so, using the formula: A = ? r2 We can figure out the cross sectional area. Therefore, the cross sectional area is 0. 105784493mm2. Converting this to metres squared, this is 0. 000105784493m2 And, since we know that the resistance is 4. 0? , we can rearrange the formula to find the resistivity of the wire: We rearrange from this: R = p l to this: p = R A A l Now we can find out the resistivity (p) of the wire, in ohm meters (? m). Resistivity is a useful figure to have (much like resistance) but can also be used to check our work. To check the gradient of the graph, we can divide the resistivity of the wire, by the cross-sectional area. So Gradient   04 is the same value I got for the gradient directly off the graph, I can rest assured that it is the correct value. As this is the correct value, I can work backwards to see that the previous calculations were correct. In order to obtain this gradient value, I used resistivity, cross-sectional area, and resistance. So we can be sure that the calculations for these is correct as the outcome is the same as the separate calculation for gradient, using the graph. So, from these results we can see that:   Resistivity = 0. 00000423137972 ? m.   Gradient = 0. 04.   Cross-sectional area = 0. 000105784493m2.   Voltage is directly proportional to the length of the wire.   Resistance is directly proportional to the length of the wire.   As the length of the wire doubles, so does the voltage and so does the resistance. Conclusion From the consistency of the results I have gained, and the fact that proving the results using the gradient was successful, I can conclude that these results are reliable. The values that I noted were also very similar to the catalogued book values, which further supports the reliability of the experiment. The drawn line of best fit is accurate as the gradient drawn from it is identical to the one I figured out using the formula. If I were to repeat this experiment, I would change it only slightly. I would allow more class time for the analysis and possibly allow a shorter time for the practical as it is very quickly finished (in fact, to do all the results in one lesson minimises the chances of getting irregular results, because you know that the conditions are the same). The whole thing worked very well. The experiment went smoothly, and the inclusion of a preliminary experiment helped a great deal. The actual physics of this assignment were challenging, but understandable. It was a very well rounded task. Extension work that could be included may be to test the resistance of other wires and compare them, or to go up to 200cm and see if theres any difference. Also, by using another wire, other than constantan, we could see how temperature affects resistance, although, one would need to have done a constantan experiment in order to understand the dynamics of the other factors, otherwise the experiment would be to complicated. Daniel Moffat H11NF 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

G. Carter Bentley :: essays research papers

G. Carter Bentley’s practice theory is a popular approach in understanding how ethnicity is constructed and ethnic identity is maintained. Here we shift from boundaries to focus on people’s patterns of experiences, both objective and subjective. Bentley draws on Bordieu’s concepts of "habitus" and "practice". Bordieu argues that the objective conditions, mediated by systems of symbolic representations, generate in different persons dispositions to act in different ways (Bentley 1987: 28) Habitus compromises "…a set of generative schemes that produce practices and representations that are regular without reference to overt rules and that are goal directed without requiring conscious selection of goals or mastery of methods achieving them." (as quoted in Bentley, Ibid.,). Hence habits become a mechanic way of being, acting and thinking, developed through 1) social practices, 2) shared experiences, 3) experimentation and 4) comprehension of those relationships or difference at both the conscious and unconscious levels. There is constant interplay between these levels (collectively and individually). Practice is a concept linked to the Marxist tradition of emphasizing power relations. This is connected to ethnic identity in that to look at experiences people go through we have to distinguish between the different domains of experience and social practice. Analysis of different domains will tell us how they influence people’s perception of the world, of their place in society as members of a group. Because this process involves interrelationships, it is important to focus on the experience of interaction. Secondly, there must be an analysis of discourses by the state (i.e. laws, policies etc.) and how they are articulated, and how the discourses of leaders of ethnic groups find resonance by their group. Both these levels of analysis help us understand ethnicity as an ideology and how ethnic identity cannot be kept separate from experience and social practice. Bentley: ethnicity and practice Bentley demonstrates the relationship between patterns of practice and sensations of ethnic affinity by the example of a Marano woman who has struggled with a sense of ambivalent ethnicity: "…a feeling that she is neither here nor there but instead limited in a system [Philippine social context] of categorical identities" (Bentley 1987: 29). Soraya’s experience illustrates the value of the theory of practice. Sensations of ethnic affinity are founded on common life experience and of the preconscious habitus it generates that gives members of an ethnic group their sense of being familiar to each other (Bentley 1987: 33). G. Carter Bentley :: essays research papers G. Carter Bentley’s practice theory is a popular approach in understanding how ethnicity is constructed and ethnic identity is maintained. Here we shift from boundaries to focus on people’s patterns of experiences, both objective and subjective. Bentley draws on Bordieu’s concepts of "habitus" and "practice". Bordieu argues that the objective conditions, mediated by systems of symbolic representations, generate in different persons dispositions to act in different ways (Bentley 1987: 28) Habitus compromises "…a set of generative schemes that produce practices and representations that are regular without reference to overt rules and that are goal directed without requiring conscious selection of goals or mastery of methods achieving them." (as quoted in Bentley, Ibid.,). Hence habits become a mechanic way of being, acting and thinking, developed through 1) social practices, 2) shared experiences, 3) experimentation and 4) comprehension of those relationships or difference at both the conscious and unconscious levels. There is constant interplay between these levels (collectively and individually). Practice is a concept linked to the Marxist tradition of emphasizing power relations. This is connected to ethnic identity in that to look at experiences people go through we have to distinguish between the different domains of experience and social practice. Analysis of different domains will tell us how they influence people’s perception of the world, of their place in society as members of a group. Because this process involves interrelationships, it is important to focus on the experience of interaction. Secondly, there must be an analysis of discourses by the state (i.e. laws, policies etc.) and how they are articulated, and how the discourses of leaders of ethnic groups find resonance by their group. Both these levels of analysis help us understand ethnicity as an ideology and how ethnic identity cannot be kept separate from experience and social practice. Bentley: ethnicity and practice Bentley demonstrates the relationship between patterns of practice and sensations of ethnic affinity by the example of a Marano woman who has struggled with a sense of ambivalent ethnicity: "…a feeling that she is neither here nor there but instead limited in a system [Philippine social context] of categorical identities" (Bentley 1987: 29). Soraya’s experience illustrates the value of the theory of practice. Sensations of ethnic affinity are founded on common life experience and of the preconscious habitus it generates that gives members of an ethnic group their sense of being familiar to each other (Bentley 1987: 33).